Designing and Validating a Comprehensive Model for the Implementation of Smart Governance Based on Administrative Smartization: A Qualitative Approach

Abstract

Reforming and enhancing the efficiency of the national administrative system requires a transition from traditional and purely technology-oriented approaches toward the implementation of integrated models of smart governance. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify, design, and validate a comprehensive model for implementing smart governance based on administrative smartization in Iranian public-sector organizations. In terms of purpose, this research was applied, and in terms of nature, it was a qualitative study employing an exploratory–explanatory approach. The study population consisted of experts and senior and middle managers in the fields of governance, public administration, information technology, and digital transformation, with a particular focus on the Ministry of Petroleum and its affiliated units. Criterion-based purposive sampling was conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were collected through document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted based on Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis framework, and fuzzy pairwise comparisons were subsequently employed to examine the validity and prioritize the dimensions and components. Analysis of the qualitative data resulted in the extraction of 60 basic indicators, 20 organizing themes, and five overarching themes (main dimensions). The five dimensions of the final model were: “data governance and intelligent decision-making,” “smartization infrastructure and technologies,” “managerial and institutional requirements of smart governance,” “human capital and smartization culture,” and “participation, transparency, and public value creation.” The results of fuzzy pairwise comparisons also confirmed the conceptual and empirical validity of the model and indicated that the successful implementation of smart governance requires the simultaneous synergy of these dimensions. The implementation of smart governance in executive agencies is a multidimensional phenomenon, and reducing it to the procurement of technological equipment or the fragmented development of isolated systems would be ineffective. The developed indigenous model provides an integrated and practical framework for policymakers and public managers to enhance transparency, improve the quality of public services, and increase the efficiency of the national administrative system through data-driven decision-making, regulatory reform, human-capital empowerment, and public participation.